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ADHD and Anxiety Medication People suffering from ADHD typically suffer from co-occurring anxiety disorders. Anxiety can trigger restlessness, sleep disturbance and irritability. Stimulant medications can ease symptoms, but it may cause adverse effects, like tics or minor growth reductions in children and adolescents. In addition, some people experience anxiety-related issues when taking stimulant medication. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs that are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. They can be found in capsules, tablets crystals, chunky clear crystals, or a brown or white powder. Large doses of stimulants can create over-stimulation and cause anxiety and panic attacks, stomach cramps or paranoia. Long-term use of stimulants can also lead to addiction and serious side effects, such as heart problems, high blood pressure and stroke. These medicines have also been shown to relieve anxiety symptoms. They work by increasing brain chemicals like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. They are less in ADHD patients. This boosts the activity and communication between the various parts of the brain that control executive and attention functions. This results in improved impulse control, and anxiety symptoms decrease. Studies have demonstrated that both atomoxetine and methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in adults suffering from ADHD and other anxiety disorders. Improvement in anxiety symptoms was observed as early as the fourth week of treatment for both drugs and the benefits were sustained through 8 weeks of treatment. It is important to remember that the type of medication that is most effective in treating anxiety and ADHD symptoms that co-occur may depend on which of the conditions has more impact on the quality of life of an individual. For instance, a person might experience a lot of worry-inducing mini-crises on a regular basis as they rush around to schedule appointments or to keep on top of their work or school. These are stressful and can cause anxiety more frequently than signs of a panic attack or phobia. In these instances, antidepressants, or SSRIs are the best option to treat anxiety-related symptoms. These drugs have been proven effective at reducing anxiety levels in adults. These are taken orally, and can take a long time to work. The most popular options are selective serotonin reuptake inhibits (SSRIs) which include Sertraline Serotonin, Fluoxetine, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), such as duloxetine and venlafaxine. These can be taken in addition to cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety and are especially beneficial if a patient has an elevated heart rate or blood pressure. SSRIs Antidepressants, like SSRIs (antidepressant drugs) are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. Prozac, the prototype drug of this group is fluoxetine. The SSRIs are also effective in treating depression, post-traumatic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. These drugs are more versatile and have fewer side negative effects than the older generation of antidepressants. The SSRIs inhibit serotonin's reuptake at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter to remain active within the synapse and communicate with the post-synaptic cells more often than it would normally. This can increase norepinephrine output, which can reduce anxiety symptoms. It may also lead to an increase in the levels of neuronal cyclic AMP (cAMP) which stimulates protein synthesis. SSRIs can also reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. They also can improve the quality of sleep and reduce agitation for some people with ADHD. However, these drugs can, increase the risk of suicidal behavior and thoughts among some people. They may also cause an increase in appetite and weight gain, especially when they are first started. Another type of antidepressant known as SNRIs, functions differently than SSRIs. SNRIs stop the reuptake serotonin as well as norepinephrine. They can also have an impact on anxiety. They can improve the functioning of both the heart muscle and blood vessels. add in adults medication can reduce feelings like anxiety and stress. Certain people with bipolar disorder can also benefit from their use. Duloxetine (Cymbalta), venlafaxine, (Effexor XR, Pristiq) and desvenlafaxine are the most common SNRIs. SNRIs could cause blood pressure to rise in certain individuals, so those who suffer from high blood pressure or heart disease should not take them. In addition to medication in addition, there are a variety of behavioral treatments that could aid in reducing anxiety and ADHD. Mindfulness techniques can be helpful in reducing stress and anxiety and stress, as can yoga and meditation. Some people find that tapping on specific points on their body, or Emotional Freedom Techniques, helps reduce the cortisol hormone that creates anxiety. Exercise and diet can help reduce anxiety. Your doctor may recommend you consume whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and to avoid sugar, since it can cause anxiety in some ADHD children and adults. Non-stimulant-based medications While stimulants are highly effective in treating ADHD and have been studied extensively but they are not always the best choice for individuals with coexisting anxiety and ADHD. These medications can trigger negative side effects such as jitteriness rapid heart rate and nervousness that could resemble or exacerbate anxiety symptoms. Since 2002, non-stimulant medications have been used for ADHD (under the brand name Strattera). They don't increase the heart rate or blood pressure, and are less likely than stimulant drugs to cause anxiety-related side effects such as sweating, shaking or nervousness. Atomoxetine targets receptors for the brain chemical norepinephrine. It can help improve concentration and reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. Studies have also proven that it can effectively improve anxiety symptoms in adolescents and children with ADHD. Researchers gathered clinical papers from PubMed EMBASE PsycINFO and PsycINFO in order to determine if atomoxetine reduced anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. Bupropion is another drug that can help with anxiety symptoms. It is a brain chemical, dopamine. Bupropion is usually prescribed to patients suffering from ADHD and depression. It can also improve mood and decrease anxiety symptoms. It is generally recommended to treat the anxiety first before tackling ADHD. This will usually make the anxiety symptoms disappear. It is quite common for kids with ADHD to suffer from anxiety, and in some cases the anxiety is actually caused by their ADHD symptoms. The most effective method of treating anxiety in these circumstances is usually cognitive-behavioral therapies and psychostimulants. These treatments will reduce ADHD symptoms and anxiety by addressing the root cause of the issue. Antidepressants are often prescribed for those with coexisting ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants, which attack the brain chemical serotonin, can help to relieve anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft Lexapro, and Sertraline. Your doctor will ultimately decide what medication is most suitable for you. Before recommending a medication they will consider your lifestyle, symptoms, age, along with other health issues. It is essential to discuss your treatment goals with your physician and adhere to a regular schedule when taking any medication. Other options Other options for treatment may be beneficial in managing ADHD or anxiety, depending on your health goals. These include mindfulness meditation and yoga (Emotional Freedom techniques) tapping and sleeping and nutrition, exercise and healthy eating habits. People with anxiety are more likely to develop symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder according to Dr. Hallowell says, which can make it difficult to treat both disorders at once. He prescribes stimulants to treat ADHD first, and then non-stimulant medication like bupropion or atomoxetine to treat anxiety disorders. These medications are used throughout the day and are not controlled substances like stimulants.